Corporate & Commercial Law

Foreign investors set up in Türkiye under the same Turkish Commercial Code (Law No. 6102) as domestic ones — there is no separate regime and, for most sectors, no local partner requirement. The decisions that actually shape a Turkish entity are made in the first month: which vehicle, how capital is structured, who is registered as the representative, and what the articles say about deadlock and exit.

The choice between a limited liability company and a joint-stock company is the one most often made carelessly. They differ in capital requirements and payment timing, in how shares transfer, in governance formality, and — the point that matters most in practice — in how public debts of the company reach the shareholders personally. The right answer depends on what the business will do and who will fund it, not on which is cheaper to register.

After formation the recurring questions are shareholder agreements that will actually hold up, director liability for a foreign executive who may never set foot in Türkiye, merger control thresholds, employment and work-permit obligations, and data compliance under KVKK (Law No. 6698).

The guides below cover formation, structuring, transactions and the compliance load that follows. For the tax dimension see tax and wealth structuring; for disputes see litigation and arbitration; for hiring foreign staff see immigration and residence permits.